time has totally discrete nature...............to all my jounier friends

my alll final year jounier friends give a sight to here and dont get confuse.

a smallest unit of universe is quanta .according to quanta there are two types of behaviour 1.particle 2.waves. continuous manner of quanta makes the wave.so how u can say that light is wave or particle. and we know the plank constant
 E=hv
,h is constant.means energy  depends on frequency.
and it is also true that light makes the time.coz time is started with starting of light(quantum physics).

Physical significance

 "In physics, the Planck time, (tP), is the unit of time in the system of natural units known as Planck units. It is the time required for light to travel, in a vacuum, a distance of 1 Planck length. The unit is named after Max Planck, who was the first to propose it.
                           tp=sqrthg/cpower5

where:h
 is the reduced Planck constant (sometimes h is used instead of  in the definition)
G = gravitational constant
c = speed of light in a vacuum
s is the SI unit of time, the second."

One Planck time is the time it would take a photon travelling at the speed of light to cross a distance equal to one Planck length. Theoretically, this is the smallest time measurement that will ever be possible, roughly 10−43 seconds.
for times less than one Planck time apart, we can neither measure nor detect any change. As of May 2010, the smallest time interval that was directly measured was on the order of 12 attoseconds (12 × 10⁻¹⁸ seconds),^[4] about 10²⁴ times larger than the Planck time.
The Planck time comes from a field of mathematical physics known as dimensional analysis, which studies units of measurement andphysical constants. The Planck time is the unique combination of the gravitational constant G, the relativity constant c, and the quantum constant h, to produce a constant with units of time. For processes that occur in a time t less than one Planck time, the dimensionless quantity t_P / t is greater than one. Dimensional analysis suggests that the effects of both quantum mechanics and gravity will be important under these circumstances, requiring a theory of quantum gravity. All scientific experiments and human experiences happen over billions of billions of billions of Planck times, making any events happening at the Planck scale hard to detect.
according to this issse chota time ka duration ni ho sakta ya time ni ho sakta. so time mere doston discrete hi
means time and everything in this universe is totally discrete .
for any problem comment here.

UNIVERSE .....NOTHING ONLY A GOOD UNDERSTANDING OR AN IDEA

FRIENDS, TODAY I WAS  IN MY ROOM AND THINKING ABOUT WAVE EQUATION AND THEN I TRY TO RELATE IT WITH MYSTERY OF UNIVERSE . SO I WANT TO SHARE IT WITH U IN VERY SIMPLE MEAN.


I THINK THAT EVERYTHING WHICH IS PRODUCE BY ANYTHING HAVE ITS PROPERTIES. LIKE THAT IF A QUESTION IS THAT HOW UNIVERSE CREATE THEN OTHER IS HOW WE CREATE IN THIS UNIVERSE. AND EVERY CHILD HAVE SOME PROPERTIES OF THEIR PARENTS.
NOW  I AM STARTING HERE WITH A POINT MEANS SUPPOSE THERE WAS ONLY DARKNESS IN A FORM OF A BLACK POINT. THE FUNDAMENTAL FORCES GENERATE THEN A BIG BANG OCCURS AND CREATION OF UNIVERSE.
NOW PARALLEL TAKE A EXAMPLE OF SUPERNOVA. SUPERNOVA IS A EVENT WHICH IS NO ONLY RESPONSIBLE FOR DESTROY BUT ALSO CREATION OF NEW STARS.IN THIS PROCESS WHEN A STAR COLLOPS THE AGAIN THESE FUNDAMENTAL FORCES GENERATE AND CAUSE OF LIKE BIG BANG AND MAY BE CREATION. MEANS IN COMBINED WAY WE CAN SAY THAN SUPERNOVA IS A SMALL BIG BANG.
NOW HOW THEY FORCES GENERATED THEN I WILL SAY IT IS ONLY A NATURE. NOW I ASK A QUESTION WHY THESE FORCES GENERATED IN SUPERNOVA THEN WE WILL LEAD TO ANSWER IT ALL THINGS BASED ON E=MC2 (ENERGY MASS RELATION) AND EVERY ENERGY LEVEL IS DEFINED. IN THEM SOME OF, WE CAN FEEL  AND SOME WE CAN SEE.
NOW COMES TO WAVE EQUATION. THINK ABOUT STRING A FORCE ON STRING TRAVEL TO ITS OTHER END AND THERE MAY BE DIFFERENCE IN PHASE AND GROUP VELOCITY AND COME AGAIN. NOW COMBINED BOTH END NOW A CONTINUOUS LOOP OF VIBRATION. IT MEANS ANY CHANGE IN UNIVERSE GIVES THE MOVEMENT IN WHOLE UNIVERSE (MAY BE IN FORM OF EXPENDING) IF THE STRING IS OPEN THEN IT IS CALLED OPEN UNIVERSE.
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF UNIVERSE CONSIDERED:
OPEN
LOOP
CLOSE


SO THE EXPENDING PHENOMENON IS DIFFERENT IN DIFFERENT TYPE.


I THINK THAT IF WE SEE TOWARDS OUR UNIVERSE AND SOLAR SYSTEM IT COMES TO KNOW THAT A STARTING FROM A POINT THE EXPANSION WILL SURE IN A SPHERICAL MEANS CLOSED.
LIKE THAT:-

SUPPOSE IN FIRST THERE WAS DARKNESS LIKE IN FIGURE. THEN BIG BANG OCCUR AND THEN IT TRAVEL AND EXPAND LIKE CIRCULAR LINE. CONSIDER A EXAMPLE OF DIP UR FINGER IN WATER TUB THEN THE WAVE WILL GENERATE IN CIRCULAR LOOP WE SEE THAT VIEW IN CIRCULAR PLANE. NOW CONSIDER THAT A SPEHIRICAL EXPANSION AND IT WILL BE CONTINUOUS LIKE WATER TUB IF IT HAS NO ENDINGS.
MEANS AS WELL AS LIGHT TRAVEL WE WILL SEE ONLY A SPEHIRICAL UNIVERSE. IT IS CALLED EXPANSION OF UNIVERSE.
NOW WHEN A HEAVY EVENT WILL OCCUR IN THAT UNIVERSE THEN IT FEEL COMPRESSION BUT ACCORDING TO CONCEPT OF BIG BANG IT IS EXPENDING.
THE EXPANSION OF UNIVERSE CAN ALSO EXPLAIN BY GRAVITATION FIELD.
NOW MOVE TO WHAM HOLE. ACCORDING WAVE EQUATION WHAN THE CONDITION OF RESONANCE OCCUR (THE OSCILLATION SAME AS MEDIUM) THEN TWO MAXIMA AND MINIMA CAN TOUCH IN SIDE OUR UNIVERSE OR BY OTHERS.
NOW I WILL SAY THAT FIRSTELY THERE WAS DARK NESS THEN 1 BIG BANG THEN EXPANSION THEN 2ND BIG BANG IN FIRST HORIZON THEN N NO OF UNIVERSE AND IT MUST BE NECESSARY THAT ENERGY LEVEL WILL BE DIFFERENT. SO WE ARE HERE AND OTHER WILL BE HERE BUT NOT SEE OR FELL BY US. SO NO MATTER OF PARALLEL THEORY OF UNIVERSES.
IN SIMPLE MEAN IN A HOTEL ONE ROOM FOR U AND ANOTHER FOR OTHER
IF THERE IS A HOLE THAN POSSIBILITY OF TRAVELLING BUT THEN THERE WILL BE ONLY FEELINGS NOT PICTURES.

RESEARCH PAPER: INTRODUCING WITH VERY FAST TECHNOLOGY

NOW A DAYS TECHNOLOGY HAS BEEN GOING TOWARDS FASTING BUT NOW THERE IS ALSO SOME DELAY WHICH IS PROBLEMATIC. ALL THE DELAY OCCUR DUE TO BEHAVIOUR OF ELECTRON, CHARGING AND DISCHARGING AND DEPILITION LAYER WHICH LEAD TO FORMING OF CAPACITOR AND THERE IS DELAY.
IN PRESENT FET IS USE IN ALL ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT AND TRANSISTOR ALSO. BUT THE TECHNOLOGY WHICH I AM INTRODUCING HERE LEAD TO OVERCOME THE DELAY. BASICALLY THESE COMPONENT USED IN DIGITAL CIRCUIT LIKE MOS CMOS TO SWITCHING OF CIRCUIT.
IN PRESENT ALL THE SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON GATE VOLTAGE TO TRIGGER IT AND VALUE OF THIS CUTIN VOLTAGE MUST BE IN LIMIT TO COMPLETE THE CIRCUIT AND MUST NOT TOO MUCH TO DESTROY IT CHERSTICS (RELATING PINCH OF REGION) HERE THE VALUE DEPEND ON THE QUANTITY OF CHARGE AND VOLTAGE.

WE ALL OF KNOW THAT ACCORDING TO PHYSICS ELECTRON HAVE SPIN MOTION. IF WE PICK UP REQUIRED CONDITION FROM THE SPIN OF ELECTRON THEN WE ARE GOING VERY MUCH TOWARDS TO DIGITAL WORLD. BECAUSE ELECTRON HAVE TWO SPIN IF ONE IS IN CLOCKWISE THEN OTHER WILL BE IN VICE VERSA.
FOR THIS TECHNOLOGY WE REQUIRED A MATTER WHICH HAS ALIGNMENT OF ATOM AND SPIN ACCORDING TO APPLIED VOLTAGE.
NOW A VERY BASIC QUESTION COMES THAT WHY ELECTRON SPIN: THE CAUSE IS THAT WHEN A EXTERNAL FIELD APPLY THEN THE DENSITY OF ELECTRON CHANGES AND MEGNUS EFFECT CREATE SO THE ELECTRON SPIN TOWARDS LOW PRESSURE.
NOW A FERROMAGNETIC SUBTRACT IS USED TO ALIGNMENT OF ELECTRONS AND IF WE INCREASE THE NO OF LAYER THEN IF THE ALIGNMENT IS IN SAME DIRECTION THEN PRESENT LOW RESISTANCE AND IF OPPOSITE THEN HIGH RESISTANCE. The simplest method of generating a spin-polarised current in a metal is to pass the current through a ferromagnetic material. The most common application of this effect is a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) device. A typical GMR device consists of at least two layers of ferromagnetic materials separated by a spacer layer. When the two magnetization vectors of the ferromagnetic layers are aligned, the electrical resistance will be lower (so a higher current flows at constant voltage) than if the ferromagnetic layers are anti-aligned. This constitutes a magnetic field sensor.
USING THIS TECHNOLOGY THE PRESENT LIMITATION LIKE HIGH TEMPERATURE AND INCREASE HIGH CUTIN VOLTAGE.
THUS IN PREVIOUS TECHNOLOGY THE SWITCHING DEPEND ON APPLIED VOLTAGE WITH MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM LIMIT  BUT HERE AS MUCH VOLTAGE OR MUCH TEMPERATURE MUCH SPIN AND FASTING THE TECHNOLOGY.
BASIC VIEW OF DEVICES:-

l,;

WHAT WAS FOURIER SERIES AND STARTING OF TRANSFORM

NORMALLY WE ALL OF KNOW THE METHOD OF TRANSFORMATION AND GET
 ANSWER BUT WHAT WAS THE CONCEPT BEHIND THEM MUST BE KNOW. AND TRANSFORMING FROM ONE DOMAIN TO ANOTHER DOMAIN IS NOT A METHOD OR CHANGNING THEM. IT USE FOR SIMPLER TECHNIQUE COZ IN PRACTICALLY TIME AND FREQUENCY ARE VERY CORELLATED CONCEPT THE CONCEPT BEHIND THEM IS ONLY "IF A SIGNAL WITH HIGH FREQUENCY AND IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO ANALYSIS IT THEN SHIFT THAT EQUCATION ON TIME=INFINITE SCALE THEN THE FREQUENCY WILL BE ALMOST ZERO OR CAN SAY IN LIMIT OF ANALYSIS SO IT IS ONLY A VIEW WHICH SOLVE THE COMPLEX NUMERICAL"

NOW HOW IT IS POSSIBLE FOR AN EXAMPLE U HAVE A VELUE 6S THEN FOR ANALYSIS IT WE CAN BREAK IT IN VERY SHORT HARMONICS SAY S+s+s+s+s+s THEN CAN OBSERVE IT VERY CAREFULLY, SIMILERLY IF U WANT TO ANALYSIS ANY WAVE WITH CERTAIN PERIOD THEN U CAN BREAK IT IN HARMONICS OF SINE AND COSINE MEANS ANY COMPLEX SIGNAL MAY BE EASY IF U BREAK THAN IN HARMONICS OF SINE AND COSINE AND GET A REQUIRED SIGNAL AFTER SUMMING THAT. IT IS VERY BASIC APPROACH


SEE EXAMPLE AND ANALYSIS HOW SINE COSINE HARMONICS WORKS AND WHY WE USE CONSTANT A AND B IN FORMULA

INFORMATION TRANSFFERING USING "PHOTON".... A QUANTUM TECHNIQUE

NOW A DAYS TECHNOLOGY IS GROWING VERY FASTELY MEANS TO SAY THAT APPROX. SPEED OF LIGHT. A NEW TECHNIQUE TO MAKE COMPUTING VERY FAST .....QUANTUM COMPUTERS. WHERE INFORMATION TRANSFERRING USING PHOTON.THIS TECHNOLOGY CAN MAKE ACTUAL REAL TIME SYSTEM WHICH HAS NOT NO DELAY INPUT AND OUTPUT TIME SAME EXECT SAME. BUT IT IS RIGHT IN PAPER COZ SYSTEM DELAY AND OTHER CONSUMING DEVICES BUT IT IS TRUE WE CAN MAKE OUR TECHNOLOGY BEST COZ LIGHT IS EVERY THING FOR US. OTHER THING CAN NOT SO BEST INSTEAD OF LIGHT AND TIME

SO THE THOUGHT IS IF TWO PHOTON STRIKE EACH OTHER AND TRANSFER THEIR INFORMATION THEN REQUIRED CONDITION CAN BE ACHIVE. BUT HOW IT IS POSSIBLE
ANSWER COMES FROM PHOTO ELECTRIC EFFECT(PEE). NOW ACCORDING TO LINEAR OPTICS WHEN TWO LIGHT RAY MEET AND CROSS EACH OTHER THEN THEY GO IN RIGHT DIRECTION WITH EACH OTHER.PHOTONS ARE SO SMALL THAT THERE IS VERY FEW CHANCE TO INTRECT WITH EACH OTHER AND TO MAKE CHANGE IN THEM THAT IS CALLED NONLINEAR CONDITION.
BUT THE QUANTUM COMPUTER INVOLVE THE NONLINEAR OPTICS SO USE OF PHOTO ELECTRIC EFFECT IS REQUIRE. SHOOTING TWO PHOTONS ON ATOM. AN ACCORDING TO PEE THE SINGLE ATOM CAN ABSORVE A PHOTON BUT WHEN THERE IS TWO ATOMS AT SAME TIME THEN SURELY THEY WILL MEET AND INTRECT FOR VERY FEW TIME THEN ONE CAN TRANSFER AND CAN MAKE OTHER CHANGES WHICH CAN BE FILTERED AS AN INFORMATION.
ITS ADVANTEGE OVER OPTICAL FIBRE IS THAT IN OFC EACH BIT MAKE BY VERY LARGE NO. OF PHOTONS BUT HERE ONE PHOTON MEANS ONE BIT.
ALTHOUGH WE HAVE NOT COMPONENT TO CONTROL AND AMPLIFY THAT INFORMATION BUT WE CAN HOPE THAT IN NEAR FUTURE WE WILL STAND WITH SPEED OF LIGHT.

IN THIS DIA RED PHOTON IS TRANSFERRING ITS INFORMATION