time has totally discrete nature...............to all my jounier friends

my alll final year jounier friends give a sight to here and dont get confuse.

a smallest unit of universe is quanta .according to quanta there are two types of behaviour 1.particle 2.waves. continuous manner of quanta makes the wave.so how u can say that light is wave or particle. and we know the plank constant
 E=hv
,h is constant.means energy  depends on frequency.
and it is also true that light makes the time.coz time is started with starting of light(quantum physics).

Physical significance

 "In physics, the Planck time, (tP), is the unit of time in the system of natural units known as Planck units. It is the time required for light to travel, in a vacuum, a distance of 1 Planck length. The unit is named after Max Planck, who was the first to propose it.
                           tp=sqrthg/cpower5

where:h
 is the reduced Planck constant (sometimes h is used instead of  in the definition)
G = gravitational constant
c = speed of light in a vacuum
s is the SI unit of time, the second."

One Planck time is the time it would take a photon travelling at the speed of light to cross a distance equal to one Planck length. Theoretically, this is the smallest time measurement that will ever be possible, roughly 10−43 seconds.
for times less than one Planck time apart, we can neither measure nor detect any change. As of May 2010, the smallest time interval that was directly measured was on the order of 12 attoseconds (12 × 10⁻¹⁸ seconds),^[4] about 10²⁴ times larger than the Planck time.
The Planck time comes from a field of mathematical physics known as dimensional analysis, which studies units of measurement andphysical constants. The Planck time is the unique combination of the gravitational constant G, the relativity constant c, and the quantum constant h, to produce a constant with units of time. For processes that occur in a time t less than one Planck time, the dimensionless quantity t_P / t is greater than one. Dimensional analysis suggests that the effects of both quantum mechanics and gravity will be important under these circumstances, requiring a theory of quantum gravity. All scientific experiments and human experiences happen over billions of billions of billions of Planck times, making any events happening at the Planck scale hard to detect.
according to this issse chota time ka duration ni ho sakta ya time ni ho sakta. so time mere doston discrete hi
means time and everything in this universe is totally discrete .
for any problem comment here.

UNIVERSE .....NOTHING ONLY A GOOD UNDERSTANDING OR AN IDEA

FRIENDS, TODAY I WAS  IN MY ROOM AND THINKING ABOUT WAVE EQUATION AND THEN I TRY TO RELATE IT WITH MYSTERY OF UNIVERSE . SO I WANT TO SHARE IT WITH U IN VERY SIMPLE MEAN.


I THINK THAT EVERYTHING WHICH IS PRODUCE BY ANYTHING HAVE ITS PROPERTIES. LIKE THAT IF A QUESTION IS THAT HOW UNIVERSE CREATE THEN OTHER IS HOW WE CREATE IN THIS UNIVERSE. AND EVERY CHILD HAVE SOME PROPERTIES OF THEIR PARENTS.
NOW  I AM STARTING HERE WITH A POINT MEANS SUPPOSE THERE WAS ONLY DARKNESS IN A FORM OF A BLACK POINT. THE FUNDAMENTAL FORCES GENERATE THEN A BIG BANG OCCURS AND CREATION OF UNIVERSE.
NOW PARALLEL TAKE A EXAMPLE OF SUPERNOVA. SUPERNOVA IS A EVENT WHICH IS NO ONLY RESPONSIBLE FOR DESTROY BUT ALSO CREATION OF NEW STARS.IN THIS PROCESS WHEN A STAR COLLOPS THE AGAIN THESE FUNDAMENTAL FORCES GENERATE AND CAUSE OF LIKE BIG BANG AND MAY BE CREATION. MEANS IN COMBINED WAY WE CAN SAY THAN SUPERNOVA IS A SMALL BIG BANG.
NOW HOW THEY FORCES GENERATED THEN I WILL SAY IT IS ONLY A NATURE. NOW I ASK A QUESTION WHY THESE FORCES GENERATED IN SUPERNOVA THEN WE WILL LEAD TO ANSWER IT ALL THINGS BASED ON E=MC2 (ENERGY MASS RELATION) AND EVERY ENERGY LEVEL IS DEFINED. IN THEM SOME OF, WE CAN FEEL  AND SOME WE CAN SEE.
NOW COMES TO WAVE EQUATION. THINK ABOUT STRING A FORCE ON STRING TRAVEL TO ITS OTHER END AND THERE MAY BE DIFFERENCE IN PHASE AND GROUP VELOCITY AND COME AGAIN. NOW COMBINED BOTH END NOW A CONTINUOUS LOOP OF VIBRATION. IT MEANS ANY CHANGE IN UNIVERSE GIVES THE MOVEMENT IN WHOLE UNIVERSE (MAY BE IN FORM OF EXPENDING) IF THE STRING IS OPEN THEN IT IS CALLED OPEN UNIVERSE.
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF UNIVERSE CONSIDERED:
OPEN
LOOP
CLOSE


SO THE EXPENDING PHENOMENON IS DIFFERENT IN DIFFERENT TYPE.


I THINK THAT IF WE SEE TOWARDS OUR UNIVERSE AND SOLAR SYSTEM IT COMES TO KNOW THAT A STARTING FROM A POINT THE EXPANSION WILL SURE IN A SPHERICAL MEANS CLOSED.
LIKE THAT:-

SUPPOSE IN FIRST THERE WAS DARKNESS LIKE IN FIGURE. THEN BIG BANG OCCUR AND THEN IT TRAVEL AND EXPAND LIKE CIRCULAR LINE. CONSIDER A EXAMPLE OF DIP UR FINGER IN WATER TUB THEN THE WAVE WILL GENERATE IN CIRCULAR LOOP WE SEE THAT VIEW IN CIRCULAR PLANE. NOW CONSIDER THAT A SPEHIRICAL EXPANSION AND IT WILL BE CONTINUOUS LIKE WATER TUB IF IT HAS NO ENDINGS.
MEANS AS WELL AS LIGHT TRAVEL WE WILL SEE ONLY A SPEHIRICAL UNIVERSE. IT IS CALLED EXPANSION OF UNIVERSE.
NOW WHEN A HEAVY EVENT WILL OCCUR IN THAT UNIVERSE THEN IT FEEL COMPRESSION BUT ACCORDING TO CONCEPT OF BIG BANG IT IS EXPENDING.
THE EXPANSION OF UNIVERSE CAN ALSO EXPLAIN BY GRAVITATION FIELD.
NOW MOVE TO WHAM HOLE. ACCORDING WAVE EQUATION WHAN THE CONDITION OF RESONANCE OCCUR (THE OSCILLATION SAME AS MEDIUM) THEN TWO MAXIMA AND MINIMA CAN TOUCH IN SIDE OUR UNIVERSE OR BY OTHERS.
NOW I WILL SAY THAT FIRSTELY THERE WAS DARK NESS THEN 1 BIG BANG THEN EXPANSION THEN 2ND BIG BANG IN FIRST HORIZON THEN N NO OF UNIVERSE AND IT MUST BE NECESSARY THAT ENERGY LEVEL WILL BE DIFFERENT. SO WE ARE HERE AND OTHER WILL BE HERE BUT NOT SEE OR FELL BY US. SO NO MATTER OF PARALLEL THEORY OF UNIVERSES.
IN SIMPLE MEAN IN A HOTEL ONE ROOM FOR U AND ANOTHER FOR OTHER
IF THERE IS A HOLE THAN POSSIBILITY OF TRAVELLING BUT THEN THERE WILL BE ONLY FEELINGS NOT PICTURES.

RESEARCH PAPER: INTRODUCING WITH VERY FAST TECHNOLOGY

NOW A DAYS TECHNOLOGY HAS BEEN GOING TOWARDS FASTING BUT NOW THERE IS ALSO SOME DELAY WHICH IS PROBLEMATIC. ALL THE DELAY OCCUR DUE TO BEHAVIOUR OF ELECTRON, CHARGING AND DISCHARGING AND DEPILITION LAYER WHICH LEAD TO FORMING OF CAPACITOR AND THERE IS DELAY.
IN PRESENT FET IS USE IN ALL ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT AND TRANSISTOR ALSO. BUT THE TECHNOLOGY WHICH I AM INTRODUCING HERE LEAD TO OVERCOME THE DELAY. BASICALLY THESE COMPONENT USED IN DIGITAL CIRCUIT LIKE MOS CMOS TO SWITCHING OF CIRCUIT.
IN PRESENT ALL THE SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON GATE VOLTAGE TO TRIGGER IT AND VALUE OF THIS CUTIN VOLTAGE MUST BE IN LIMIT TO COMPLETE THE CIRCUIT AND MUST NOT TOO MUCH TO DESTROY IT CHERSTICS (RELATING PINCH OF REGION) HERE THE VALUE DEPEND ON THE QUANTITY OF CHARGE AND VOLTAGE.

WE ALL OF KNOW THAT ACCORDING TO PHYSICS ELECTRON HAVE SPIN MOTION. IF WE PICK UP REQUIRED CONDITION FROM THE SPIN OF ELECTRON THEN WE ARE GOING VERY MUCH TOWARDS TO DIGITAL WORLD. BECAUSE ELECTRON HAVE TWO SPIN IF ONE IS IN CLOCKWISE THEN OTHER WILL BE IN VICE VERSA.
FOR THIS TECHNOLOGY WE REQUIRED A MATTER WHICH HAS ALIGNMENT OF ATOM AND SPIN ACCORDING TO APPLIED VOLTAGE.
NOW A VERY BASIC QUESTION COMES THAT WHY ELECTRON SPIN: THE CAUSE IS THAT WHEN A EXTERNAL FIELD APPLY THEN THE DENSITY OF ELECTRON CHANGES AND MEGNUS EFFECT CREATE SO THE ELECTRON SPIN TOWARDS LOW PRESSURE.
NOW A FERROMAGNETIC SUBTRACT IS USED TO ALIGNMENT OF ELECTRONS AND IF WE INCREASE THE NO OF LAYER THEN IF THE ALIGNMENT IS IN SAME DIRECTION THEN PRESENT LOW RESISTANCE AND IF OPPOSITE THEN HIGH RESISTANCE. The simplest method of generating a spin-polarised current in a metal is to pass the current through a ferromagnetic material. The most common application of this effect is a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) device. A typical GMR device consists of at least two layers of ferromagnetic materials separated by a spacer layer. When the two magnetization vectors of the ferromagnetic layers are aligned, the electrical resistance will be lower (so a higher current flows at constant voltage) than if the ferromagnetic layers are anti-aligned. This constitutes a magnetic field sensor.
USING THIS TECHNOLOGY THE PRESENT LIMITATION LIKE HIGH TEMPERATURE AND INCREASE HIGH CUTIN VOLTAGE.
THUS IN PREVIOUS TECHNOLOGY THE SWITCHING DEPEND ON APPLIED VOLTAGE WITH MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM LIMIT  BUT HERE AS MUCH VOLTAGE OR MUCH TEMPERATURE MUCH SPIN AND FASTING THE TECHNOLOGY.
BASIC VIEW OF DEVICES:-

l,;

WHAT WAS FOURIER SERIES AND STARTING OF TRANSFORM

NORMALLY WE ALL OF KNOW THE METHOD OF TRANSFORMATION AND GET
 ANSWER BUT WHAT WAS THE CONCEPT BEHIND THEM MUST BE KNOW. AND TRANSFORMING FROM ONE DOMAIN TO ANOTHER DOMAIN IS NOT A METHOD OR CHANGNING THEM. IT USE FOR SIMPLER TECHNIQUE COZ IN PRACTICALLY TIME AND FREQUENCY ARE VERY CORELLATED CONCEPT THE CONCEPT BEHIND THEM IS ONLY "IF A SIGNAL WITH HIGH FREQUENCY AND IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO ANALYSIS IT THEN SHIFT THAT EQUCATION ON TIME=INFINITE SCALE THEN THE FREQUENCY WILL BE ALMOST ZERO OR CAN SAY IN LIMIT OF ANALYSIS SO IT IS ONLY A VIEW WHICH SOLVE THE COMPLEX NUMERICAL"

NOW HOW IT IS POSSIBLE FOR AN EXAMPLE U HAVE A VELUE 6S THEN FOR ANALYSIS IT WE CAN BREAK IT IN VERY SHORT HARMONICS SAY S+s+s+s+s+s THEN CAN OBSERVE IT VERY CAREFULLY, SIMILERLY IF U WANT TO ANALYSIS ANY WAVE WITH CERTAIN PERIOD THEN U CAN BREAK IT IN HARMONICS OF SINE AND COSINE MEANS ANY COMPLEX SIGNAL MAY BE EASY IF U BREAK THAN IN HARMONICS OF SINE AND COSINE AND GET A REQUIRED SIGNAL AFTER SUMMING THAT. IT IS VERY BASIC APPROACH


SEE EXAMPLE AND ANALYSIS HOW SINE COSINE HARMONICS WORKS AND WHY WE USE CONSTANT A AND B IN FORMULA

INFORMATION TRANSFFERING USING "PHOTON".... A QUANTUM TECHNIQUE

NOW A DAYS TECHNOLOGY IS GROWING VERY FASTELY MEANS TO SAY THAT APPROX. SPEED OF LIGHT. A NEW TECHNIQUE TO MAKE COMPUTING VERY FAST .....QUANTUM COMPUTERS. WHERE INFORMATION TRANSFERRING USING PHOTON.THIS TECHNOLOGY CAN MAKE ACTUAL REAL TIME SYSTEM WHICH HAS NOT NO DELAY INPUT AND OUTPUT TIME SAME EXECT SAME. BUT IT IS RIGHT IN PAPER COZ SYSTEM DELAY AND OTHER CONSUMING DEVICES BUT IT IS TRUE WE CAN MAKE OUR TECHNOLOGY BEST COZ LIGHT IS EVERY THING FOR US. OTHER THING CAN NOT SO BEST INSTEAD OF LIGHT AND TIME

SO THE THOUGHT IS IF TWO PHOTON STRIKE EACH OTHER AND TRANSFER THEIR INFORMATION THEN REQUIRED CONDITION CAN BE ACHIVE. BUT HOW IT IS POSSIBLE
ANSWER COMES FROM PHOTO ELECTRIC EFFECT(PEE). NOW ACCORDING TO LINEAR OPTICS WHEN TWO LIGHT RAY MEET AND CROSS EACH OTHER THEN THEY GO IN RIGHT DIRECTION WITH EACH OTHER.PHOTONS ARE SO SMALL THAT THERE IS VERY FEW CHANCE TO INTRECT WITH EACH OTHER AND TO MAKE CHANGE IN THEM THAT IS CALLED NONLINEAR CONDITION.
BUT THE QUANTUM COMPUTER INVOLVE THE NONLINEAR OPTICS SO USE OF PHOTO ELECTRIC EFFECT IS REQUIRE. SHOOTING TWO PHOTONS ON ATOM. AN ACCORDING TO PEE THE SINGLE ATOM CAN ABSORVE A PHOTON BUT WHEN THERE IS TWO ATOMS AT SAME TIME THEN SURELY THEY WILL MEET AND INTRECT FOR VERY FEW TIME THEN ONE CAN TRANSFER AND CAN MAKE OTHER CHANGES WHICH CAN BE FILTERED AS AN INFORMATION.
ITS ADVANTEGE OVER OPTICAL FIBRE IS THAT IN OFC EACH BIT MAKE BY VERY LARGE NO. OF PHOTONS BUT HERE ONE PHOTON MEANS ONE BIT.
ALTHOUGH WE HAVE NOT COMPONENT TO CONTROL AND AMPLIFY THAT INFORMATION BUT WE CAN HOPE THAT IN NEAR FUTURE WE WILL STAND WITH SPEED OF LIGHT.

IN THIS DIA RED PHOTON IS TRANSFERRING ITS INFORMATION

PLAY WITH EULER'S AND TAYLOR'S WITH COMPLEX PLANE

in engineering i feel that every standerd equcation have a complex no. or involve complex plane. so what is real mean:
a example..... we all of know that there is no mean of negetive no. but in math they exist and if they not in use the math is incomplete so if there is real then must be imagenery to fulfill the requirement. but there physical mean nothing.
now a mathmetical example:

Equation 1: x2 - 1 = 0.Equation 1 has two solutions, x = -1 and x = 1. We know that solving an equation in x is equivalent to finding the x-intercepts of a graph; and, the graph of y = x2 - 1 crosses the x-axis at (-1,0) and (1,0).

Equation 2: x2 + 1 = 0
Equation 2 has no solutions, and we can see this by looking at the graph of y = x2 + 1.

Since the graph has no x-intercepts, the equation has no solutions.but according to maths rule the second ordered equcation have two solution. then what is the solution it is imagenery solution "i".
now it hasbeen proved a quantity which have no real solution have imagenery solution and vice varsa.
so z=a+ib a is real and b also real but a called real quantity and second part called imagenery. and if real=0 then totally imagenery and second=0 then real.
another fact a real quantity make by airthmatic operation with i. so imagenery quantity makes a plane including pure real which is real axix and pure imagenery which is y.that is called complex plane.
in ractangular cordinates:-

in polar form(r,@):-
r radious from origen and @ its angle with axis. so according to trignometric here the sin and cosine will introduce

now by projection rule there is r(cos@+isin@) here r wil be sqrt of cos@ and sin@ that will be 1 means a circle with unit radius.

now we know solution of power of i.
ok then take the solution of cos@ and sin@ with taylor's equcation means expention of sin@ and cos@. and the some of that with i gives a combind form like e(iz) where z makes complex plane means =real+i(real)
so this is theoritical proof ot eulers equcation.

EQUCATION OF UNIVERSE

friends today i was comming from my college then a problem disturb my mind and i try to get a equcation of universe coz i heared that euler's equcation gives the equcation of universe then i take a step in that direction and try to solve . but as well as i go deeper than i found that it can take my all life to get a complete solution. in that study i learn some basic things which creat a strom in my mind so i am share here.


we all off know that euler's equcation e(i@) =cos@+i sin@ in this every onces know that @ is angle cos and sin are trigonometical function in which the imagenery axix is y and real axix is x and variable @ is angle. it can represented by a circular curve.

then
a question aries that what is the funda of this equcation........
then i found that taylor's equcation gives this equcation. "what and why need of taylor's equcation"
the solution of n th polinomial can solved by taylor's equcation.coz to solve that equcation In mathematics, the Taylor series is a representation of a function as an infinite sum of terms calculated from the values of its derivatives at a single point. it is very efficient thing

in

in this curve the black represented the sine wawe and other colour line is try to making approximate sine wave means n derivatives is try to making the required wave

same approach is here the red line is going to get required curve by changing is order
in combind way we can represente this in form of derivatives of equcation taking a variable (approaching this to its required value)
f(a)+f'(a)/!1(x-a)+f''(a)/!2 (x-a)2............


now a question again "why and what is complex no. and plane from where it come"
the ans with history is that:
A complex number is a number consisting of a real and imaginary part. It can be written in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers, and i is the standard imaginary unit with the property i 2 = −1.[1] The complex numbers contain the ordinary real numbers, but extend them by adding in extra numbers and correspondingly expanding the understanding of addition and multiplication.


Complex numbers were first conceived and defined by the Italian mathematician Gerolamo Cardano, who called them "fictitious", during his attempts to find solutions to cubic equations.[2] The solution of a general cubic equation in radicals (without trigonometric functions) may require intermediate calculations containing the square roots of negative numbers, even when the final solutions are real numbers, a situation known as casus irreducibilis. This ultimately led to the fundamental theorem of algebra, which shows that with complex numbers, a solution exists to every polynomial equation of degree one or higher. Complex numbers thus form an algebraically closed field, where any polynomial equation has a root.


now i think after the fundamental concept we again move to eller;s equcation and analysis that
The original proof is based on the Taylor series expansions of the exponential function ez (where z is a complex number) and of sin x and cos x for real numbers x (see below). In fact, the same proof shows that Euler's formula is even valid for all complex numbers z.


A point in the complex plane can be represented by a complex number written in cartesian coordinates. Euler's formula provides a means of conversion between cartesian coordinates and polar coordinates. The polar form reduces the number of terms from two to one, which simplifies the mathematics when used in multiplication or powers of complex numbers. Any complex number z = x + iy can be written as
z=x+iy=modz(cos@+isin@)
z bar=x-iy=modz(cos@-isin@)
now according to this there is two plane and the maximum value must be root-1 so after combind both planes the 3d view will be like:-

see curve and feel two plane with its maximum value and according to euler's calculas varition equcation combind the maximum and its minimum.
thus if we see this equcation with very closely then we will find that it is like a string with continuous value and according to partical physics in my view that the closely binding curve may represent a strong nuclier force which is the cause of creation of universe and called fundamental force. so in my view universe nature like string.
for m theory please keep in touch......

LEARN THE CAUSE OF REFLECTION,DIFFRACTION AND SCATTERING

ONE DAY I WAS STUDYING THEN I COME TO KNOW THAT WHY THE REFLECTION,DIFFRACTION AND SCATTRING OCCUR. I JUST STOP MY WORK AND THEN FIGHT WITH THAT QUESTION FOR 2 DAYS AND THEN A ANSWER I GET. U WILL NOT BELIEVE THAT I LEARN IT IN B.TECH FINAL YEAR ALTHOUGH I HEAR THIS NAME IN FIFTH CLASS, HOW STRANGE BUT TRUE COZ ACCORDING TO ME FIGHTING WITH ANY THING GIVES THE IDEA OF SOLUTION BUT THAT TIME I FIGHT FOR SUCCESS AND FORGET THAT FIGTING WITH CONCEPT MAKES U SUCCESSFUL. SO THE ANSWER IN MY VIEW (IN CASE OF ELECTRONIC WAVE WHICH TRAVEL BY REFLECTION BY OBJECTS IN COMMUNICATION)IS THAT

THE REFLECTION TAKES PLACES WHEN AN EM WAVE SIGNAL ENCOUNTERS A SURFACE THAT IS LARGE RELATIVE TO THE WAVELENGTH OF THE SIGNAL
EXPLANATION:- IN CASE OF COMMUNICATION THE EM WAVE TRAVELL BY COLLISION BY OBJECTS , OBJECTS LIKE METAL HAVE FREE ELECTRONS AND AS THE SIZE OF METAL INCREASE THAN THE NO. OF FREE ELECTRON INCREASE SO WHEN WAVE ENCOUNTERS THAT SURFACE THE ELECTRONS BECOMES EXCITED AND THEN GIVE THEIR ENERGY TO OTHER ELECTRONS BY VIBRATING IN MOVING IN A ZIG ZAG MOTION. AND AFTER DUE TO LARGE SURFACE THE ATTENUATION TAKE PLACES WHICH IS CALLED SKIN DEPTH . AND WE KNOW THAT A ELECTRON CAN LIVE IN  EXCITED STATE FOR SHORT DURATION AND THEN IT RETURNS ENERGY IN SAME DIRECTION (ENERGY NOT CROSS DUE TO LARGE OBJECT AND ATTENUATION) WITH SOME PHASE CHANGING ALTHOUGH ALL THE ENERGY CAN NOT BE RETURNED SO THE TOTAL ENERGY IS SUM OF HEAT LOSS AT SURFACE AND REFLECTED WAVE. DUE TO THIS THE WAVE FRONT CAN BE CHANGED AND TILTED.

WE ALL HASBEEN STUDIED THAT THIS TYPE CHANGES DEPEND ON REFRECTIVE INDEX 'N' BUT WHAT IS 'N' AND AND ALSO WE READ ITS DEPEND ON THE NATURE BUT I HAS BEEN PROVED THAT EVERY NATURE DEPENDS ON NATURE OF MOVING ELECTRONS. MEANS EVERY CHANGES IS NOT DEPEND ON NATURE IT DEPENDS ON BASIC STRUCTURE AND WHY IT IS SO. IN NEXT BLOG I  WILL SAY THAT IT DOES NOT DEPEND ON ELECTRON IT DEPENDS ON HIGGS BOSON (GOD PARTICAL) THE  CAUSE OF CREATION OF UNIVERSE.

OTHER WILL BE IN NEXT BLOG SO KEEP IN TOUCH........... 

KNOW THE SIGNAL AND SYSTEM AND INSTALL IT IN YOURSELF

ONE DAY A QUESTION COMES IN MY MIND THAT

. Why Use Frequency Representations When We Can Represent Any Signal With

 Time Functions?

THEN I FIND A ANSWER THAT CAN CLEAR IT IN VERY SIMPLE VIEW BUT BEFORE THIS IT MUST BE

 UNDERSTAND THAT "TIME CAN NOT CONTROLLED BY SOMEONE BECAUSE OUR UNIVERSE

 IS UNIDIRECTIONAL TIME BINDED AND WE ARE LIVING IN A  CLOSE LOOP OF TIME" THIS IS

QUANTUM PHYSICS APPROACH NOW COMES ON MAIN TOPIC ANSWER IS THAT

. Frequency methods focus on how signals of different frequencies are represented in a signal. We think in terms of the spectrum of the signal.  Here is a rainbow.  In a rainbow, white sunlight - composed of many different colors or parts of the spectrum - is spread into its spectrum.  Here the atmosphere is a filter that treats the different parts of the light spectrum - the different light frequencies - in different ways.  For a rainbow, the different parts of the light spectrum - the different colors - are bent differently as they enter the atmosphere.  In many electrical circuits and systems, the different parts of the signal spectrum  are treated differently.  Different treatment of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum means that you can separate out different radio, television and cell phone signals.  That gives you one very strong reason to learn about frequency methods.  In a linear system, frequency methods may be easier to apply, and may give insight you would not get otherwise.

basic view to convert your connection from 2G to 3G

TD-SCDMA (time division synchronous code division multiple access) is a mobile telephone standard for wireless network operators who want to move from a second generation (2G) wireless network to a third-generation (3G) one.

 Supporting data transmission at speeds up to 2 Mbps, TD-SCDMA combines support for both circuit switched data, such as speech or video, and also packet-switched data from the Internet. The standard combines time division multiple access (TDMA) with an adaptive, synchronous-mode code division multiple access (CDMA) component.

TD-SCDMA was developed by the China Academy of Telecommunications Technology (CATT) in collaboration with Datang and Siemens.

•One of the focal points in the telecommunication research is the integration of TD-SCDMA and WiMAX.Whether TD-SCDMA is compatible to other 3G standards is crucial to the success of 3G in China. Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of TD-SCDMA and WiMAX in wireless transmission, a new framework of wireless telecommunication is proposed. In this framework, when the source Mobile Station (MS) and target MS are located indifferent cells, they can use TD-SCDMA to communicate(defined as WAN mode in the paper), and when the source MS and target MS are located in the same cell, a wireless Mesh network will be built and the MSs can communicate using WiMAX as the air interface (defined as LAN mode). The proposed framework efficiently integrates the advantages of TD-SCDMA and WiMAX. Finally, based on simulation, the performance of the proposed framework demonstrates some advantages in actual wireless telecommunication.

for any problem in concept pls comment on face book.

physical meaning of energy band, why it creat and how conductor and semiconductor define

every one on that stage has been introduced with MOT(molecular orbital theory). the result comes from there.

suppose there is si atom which electronic configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2. it means it have four electrons in outer most cell. when two atom have a sufficient distance from each other that there is no interection force between them than atom behaves as a free atom. but as well as two atoms comes closer  then nucleus of both atoms attract valance electron of each other.

according to bohr's theory every isolated atom has finite energy but when two atmos comes closer then they influence eachother. so the distribution of energy change and level define. following example can explain it .


si has four electrons in their outer most cell.suppose there is n atoms in a crystal then there will be 2n electron filling 2n possible  energy level in 3s and 6n possible levels in 3p in which 2n filled.in simple mean when n atoms comes closer then energy level get slightely changed and there will be large no. of closely packed levels thats called energy band which decide the conductor and semiconductor.in that condition 3s and 3p completely disappeared and 8n energy level continuouly distributed (2n of 3s and 6n of 3p).in which 4n are completely filled and 4n are empty. the gap between filled and unfilled is called forbidden gap  ,filled level is called valance band and unfilled is called conduction band. (see dia in basic books of electronics)